See kap- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kap- meaning in All languages combined (22.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-yé-ti (“to be seized, held”, ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-eh₁yé-ti (eh₁ye-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habjaną",
"t": "to have, hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kápā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάπη",
"t": "crib"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπάνη",
"der": "1",
"t": "wagon",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπάνη (kapánē, “wagon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπάνη (kapánē, “wagon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-nó-s (“harbour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cúan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cúan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habnō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *kapn-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "(< *kapn-éh₂)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habnō (< *kapn-éh₂) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hafnaz",
"t": "vessel, pot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "haban",
"3": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: haban, havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: haban, havan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: havan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "haven"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: haven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: haven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-e-ló-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kapelos",
"t": "one who takes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "discipulus",
"alt": "dis-cipulus",
"der": "1",
"t": "disciple, pupil; cadet",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-tós (“seized, held”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-u-ko-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos",
"t": "cup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kọg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cawg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cawg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cawg"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cuäch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cuäch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cuäch, cuach, cúach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καῦκος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caucus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: caucus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: caucus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ -shtë"
},
"expansion": "(+ -shtë)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: (“garden”) (+ -shtë)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "kopësht"
},
"expansion": "Gheg Albanian: kopësht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gheg Albanian: kopësht, kopështë"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "als",
"2": "kopsht"
},
"expansion": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kāpos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῆπος",
"t": "garden, orchard, plantation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-eh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hōbō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kṓpā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κώπη",
"t": "grip, handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly of substrate origin, as evidenced by the a-grade, or perhaps onomatopoeic, compare *gʰabʰ- (“to seize”) as so-called \"chiming roots\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:Schrijver:1997",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to seize, hold"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:seize",
"links": [
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:seize"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-s ~ *k(a)p-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaps"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kaps",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kaps"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*caps",
"3": "-ceps",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in compounds"
},
"expansion": "(only in compounds)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps (only in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "*káp-ōl ~ *k(a)p-én-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hinþō",
"3": "*hinþǭ",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hinþō, *hinþǭ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kpén-teh₂-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(< *kpén-teh₂-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hinþō, *hinþǭ (< *kpén-teh₂-?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hion",
"t": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hion (“skull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hion (“skull”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "hann",
"t": "lobe of the brain"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: hann (“lobe of the brain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: hann (“lobe of the brain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kapn-los",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kapn-los",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kapn-los"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "capillus",
"t": "hair",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: capillus (“hair”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: capillus (“hair”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kapā́las",
"der": "1",
"t": "head, skull; bowl"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-ut ~ *k(a)p-wét-s (“head”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-wl̥ ~ *k(a)p-wén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*habulô",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *habulô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *habulô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*habulō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷennom",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Celtic: *kʷennom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kpwen-nó-m</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(< *kpwen-nó-m?)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Celtic: *kʷennom (< *kpwen-nó-m?) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कपाल",
"tr": "kapā́la"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; may be the same as the verbal root in *kap- (Etymology 1) above, particularly if it developed figuratively from the sense “cup, bowl” as retained in Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos and perhaps Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la). Otherwise, sound-symbolic or borrowed from a substrate.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"head"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:head",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:head"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʰébʰōl"
},
{
"word": "*ḱérh₂sō"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
" bowl, cup",
"bowl, cup"
],
"id": "en-kap--ine-pro-root-Psdoodij",
"links": [
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
],
[
"cup",
"cup"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"bowl, cup"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "хуп"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: хуп (hup)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: хуп (hup)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qapamaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qapamaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qapamaq"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "",
"tr": "qapamaq"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapamaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapamaq)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kapamaa"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: kapamaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: kapamaa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kapamak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kapamak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kapamak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gapmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gapmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gapmak (dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kāp",
"t": "sack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kāp (“sack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gāplamak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gāplamak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kaxa-",
"t": "to hinder, close"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to hinder, close”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Not to be confused with Proto-Turkic *kāp (“sack”), *kāpla- (“to surround, cover”) (Turkmen gāplamak). (See also *topïk)\nCompare Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to hinder, close”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kap-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kap-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*ač-"
}
],
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cap, cover",
"word": "kap-gak"
},
{
"english": "trap",
"word": "kap-gan"
},
{
"english": "gate, door",
"word": "kap-ïg"
},
{
"english": "box, coffin; basket",
"word": "kap-ïr-čak"
},
{
"english": "gate",
"word": "kap-sa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"id": "en-kap--trk-pro-verb-zpwyn4Fc",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to close"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "to close",
"word": "*yap-"
},
{
"english": "to close (eyes, mouth)",
"word": "*yum-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "хып"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: хып (hyp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: хып (hyp)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qapmaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qapmaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qapmaq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "",
"tr": "qapmaq"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapmaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapmaq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kapmaa"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: kapmaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: kapmaa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kapmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kapmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kapmak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gapmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gapmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gapmak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qopmoq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qopmoq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qopmoq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "",
"tr": "qapmaq"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qapmaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qapmaq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қапу"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: қапу (qapu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: қапу (qapu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кабуу"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: кабуу (kabuu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: кабуу (kabuu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "кабар",
"t": "to grasp, catch, take"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: кабар (kabar, “to grasp, catch, take”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: кабар (kabar, “to grasp, catch, take”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "kap-"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (kap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (kap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"tr": "kap-"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kap-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "хап"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: хап (qap)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: хап (qap)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "",
"tr": "qa'p-"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: [script needed] (qa'p-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: [script needed] (qa'p-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "",
"tr": "xap-"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: [script needed] (xap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: [script needed] (xap-)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kabči-",
"t": "to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kabči- (“to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kabči- (“to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kap-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kap-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 68 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to snatch, take"
],
"id": "en-kap--trk-pro-verb-Ygag7R81",
"links": [
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bite"
],
"id": "en-kap--trk-pro-verb-Swb~XZyh",
"links": [
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:Schrijver:1997",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Indo-European terms borrowed from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-European terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-yé-ti (“to be seized, held”, ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-eh₁yé-ti (eh₁ye-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habjaną",
"t": "to have, hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to have, hold”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kápā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάπη",
"t": "crib"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάπη (kápē, “crib”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καπάνη",
"der": "1",
"t": "wagon",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπάνη (kapánē, “wagon”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Ancient Greek: καπάνη (kapánē, “wagon”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-nó-s (“harbour”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cúan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cúan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*habnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *habnō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *kapn-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "(< *kapn-éh₂)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *habnō (< *kapn-éh₂) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-no-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hafnaz",
"t": "vessel, pot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hafnaz (“vessel, pot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "haban",
"3": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: haban, havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: haban, havan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "havan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: havan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: havan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "haven"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: haven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: haven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-e-ló-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kapelos",
"t": "one who takes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kapelos (“one who takes”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "discipulus",
"alt": "dis-cipulus",
"der": "1",
"t": "disciple, pupil; cadet",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Latin: dis-cipulus (“disciple, pupil; cadet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kap-tós (“seized, held”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-u-ko-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos",
"t": "cup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kaɸukos (“cup”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kọg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kọg"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cawg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cawg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cawg"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cuäch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cuäch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cuäch, cuach, cúach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cuach"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cuach"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καῦκος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caucus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: caucus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: caucus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kā́p-s ~ *káp-s-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ -shtë"
},
"expansion": "(+ -shtë)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: (“garden”) (+ -shtë)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aln",
"2": "kopësht"
},
"expansion": "Gheg Albanian: kopësht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gheg Albanian: kopësht, kopështë"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "als",
"2": "kopsht"
},
"expansion": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tosk Albanian: kopsht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kāpos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kāpos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῆπος",
"t": "garden, orchard, plantation"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard, plantation”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*kā́p-eh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *kā́p-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hōbō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hōbō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *kṓp-s ~ *kap-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kṓpā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kṓpā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κώπη",
"t": "grip, handle"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κώπη (kṓpē, “grip, handle”)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly of substrate origin, as evidenced by the a-grade, or perhaps onomatopoeic, compare *gʰabʰ- (“to seize”) as so-called \"chiming roots\".",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to seize, hold"
],
"links": [
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:seize"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:Schrijver:1997",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European irregular-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Indo-European terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-s ~ *k(a)p-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kaps"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kaps",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kaps"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*caps",
"3": "-ceps",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in compounds"
},
"expansion": "(only in compounds)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: *caps, -ceps (only in compounds)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
}
],
"text": "*káp-ōl ~ *k(a)p-én-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hinþō",
"3": "*hinþǭ",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hinþō, *hinþǭ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kpén-teh₂-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(< *kpén-teh₂-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hinþō, *hinþǭ (< *kpén-teh₂-?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hion",
"t": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Old English: hion (“skull”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: hion (“skull”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "hann",
"t": "lobe of the brain"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: hann (“lobe of the brain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: hann (“lobe of the brain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*kapn-los",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kapn-los",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *kapn-los"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "capillus",
"t": "hair",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: capillus (“hair”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: capillus (“hair”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kapā́las",
"der": "1",
"t": "head, skull; bowl"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kapā́las (“head, skull; bowl”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-ut ~ *k(a)p-wét-s (“head”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*káp-wl̥ ~ *k(a)p-wén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*habulô",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *habulô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Germanic: *habulô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*habulō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *habulō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷennom",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Celtic: *kʷennom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*kpwen-nó-m</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(< *kpwen-nó-m?)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Celtic: *kʷennom (< *kpwen-nó-m?) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kaɸukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कपाल",
"tr": "kapā́la"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "sound-symbolic",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; may be the same as the verbal root in *kap- (Etymology 1) above, particularly if it developed figuratively from the sense “cup, bowl” as retained in Proto-Celtic *kaɸukos and perhaps Sanskrit कपाल (kapā́la). Otherwise, sound-symbolic or borrowed from a substrate.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"head"
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:head"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*gʰébʰōl"
},
{
"word": "*ḱérh₂sō"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Vessels"
],
"glosses": [
" bowl, cup",
"bowl, cup"
],
"links": [
[
"bowl",
"bowl"
],
[
"cup",
"cup"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"bowl, cup"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic verbs",
"Requests for native script for Bashkir terms",
"Requests for native script for Crimean Tatar terms",
"Requests for native script for Karachay-Balkar terms",
"Requests for native script for Karaim terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakalpak terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms",
"Requests for native script for Khakas terms",
"Requests for native script for Kumyk terms",
"Requests for native script for Nogai terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"Requests for native script for Ottoman Turkish terms",
"Requests for native script for Tatar terms",
"Requests for native script for Tofa terms",
"Requests for native script for Uyghur terms"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cap, cover",
"word": "kap-gak"
},
{
"english": "trap",
"word": "kap-gan"
},
{
"english": "gate, door",
"word": "kap-ïg"
},
{
"english": "box, coffin; basket",
"word": "kap-ïr-čak"
},
{
"english": "gate",
"word": "kap-sa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "хуп"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: хуп (hup)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: хуп (hup)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qapamaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qapamaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qapamaq"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "",
"tr": "qapamaq"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapamaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapamaq)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kapamaa"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: kapamaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: kapamaa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kapamak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kapamak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kapamak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gapmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gapmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gapmak (dialect)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kāp",
"t": "sack"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kāp (“sack”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gāplamak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gāplamak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kaxa-",
"t": "to hinder, close"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to hinder, close”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Not to be confused with Proto-Turkic *kāp (“sack”), *kāpla- (“to surround, cover”) (Turkmen gāplamak). (See also *topïk)\nCompare Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to hinder, close”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kap-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kap-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*ač-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to close"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to close"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "to close",
"word": "*yap-"
},
{
"english": "to close (eyes, mouth)",
"word": "*yum-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic verbs",
"Requests for native script for Bashkir terms",
"Requests for native script for Crimean Tatar terms",
"Requests for native script for Karachay-Balkar terms",
"Requests for native script for Karaim terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakalpak terms",
"Requests for native script for Karakhanid terms",
"Requests for native script for Khakas terms",
"Requests for native script for Kumyk terms",
"Requests for native script for Nogai terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Uyghur terms",
"Requests for native script for Ottoman Turkish terms",
"Requests for native script for Tatar terms",
"Requests for native script for Tofa terms",
"Requests for native script for Uyghur terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "хып"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: хып (hyp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: хып (hyp)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Common Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qapmaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: qapmaq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: qapmaq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "",
"tr": "qapmaq"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapmaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapmaq)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kapmaa"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: kapmaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: kapmaa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kapmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: kapmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: kapmak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gapmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: gapmak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: gapmak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "qopmoq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: qopmoq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: qopmoq"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "",
"tr": "qapmaq"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qapmaq)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: [script needed] (qapmaq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "қапу"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: қапу (qapu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: қапу (qapu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "",
"tr": "qap-"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: [script needed] (qap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: [script needed] (qap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кабуу"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: кабуу (kabuu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: кабуу (kabuu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "кабар",
"t": "to grasp, catch, take"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: кабар (kabar, “to grasp, catch, take”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: кабар (kabar, “to grasp, catch, take”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "",
"tr": "kap-"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (kap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Turkic: [script needed] (kap-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "",
"tr": "kap-"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kap-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "хап"
},
"expansion": "Yakut: хап (qap)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakut: хап (qap)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sayan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "",
"tr": "qa'p-"
},
"expansion": "Tofa: [script needed] (qa'p-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tofa: [script needed] (qa'p-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "",
"tr": "xap-"
},
"expansion": "Khakas: [script needed] (xap-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khakas: [script needed] (xap-)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*kabči-",
"t": "to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *kabči- (“to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kabči- (“to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*kap-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kap-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to snatch, take"
],
"links": [
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bite"
],
"links": [
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kap-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.